谷子不育系及其相应可育系小孢子发育的细胞学观察

以谷子2个品种的不育系及其保持系为材料,对其小孢子发育的细胞形态学进行了观察研究。结果表明:昭盟A花药的外部形态及花粉母细胞的发育过程与昭盟B相似,能形成外观正常的三核花粉,但其花药不能开裂散粉。石炮A表现出了败育时间和方式的多样性,且不育系与保持系间在花药长度上有显著差异。此外,两种不育系的维管束都表现出不同程度的发育不良。不良程度与药囊退化程度相关。     

色氨酸阻遏物与其操纵基因复合物的圆二色性研究

用圆二色性谱来确定色氨酸阻遏物与其操纵基因复合物在溶液中的构象变化。色氨酸阻遏物的圆二色性图谱表明它是一种富含α螺旋的蛋白质,通过比较加入Ｌ－Ｔｒｐ前和后的圆二色性谱,发现活性的与非活性的色酸阻遏物二级结构变化很小,ｔｒｐ Ｐ／Ｏ的圆二色性谱与它的单健、双链理论计算曲线对比,可近拟推测操纵基因在溶液中的存在状态。用色氨酸阻遏物对ｔｒｐ Ｐ／Ｏ进行确定,可以从中找出蛋白质与核酸结合的平衡点。从平衡时     

糜子黄、黑种皮遗传及转录组学分析

同源异型域-亮氨酸拉链(homedomain-leucine zipper,HD-Zip)转录因子广泛参与植物的生长发育和抗胁迫过程。该研究通过生物信息学方法对青稞HD-Zip基因家族进行全基因组分析鉴定,并采用qRT-PCR技术分析非生物胁迫下该基因的表达特性,为深入探讨青稞HD-Zip转录因子的生物学功能及其在高原作物抗逆育种中的应用奠定基础。结果表明：(1)成功从青稞基因组中共鉴定出41个HD-Zip基因家族成员,依次命名为i>HvvHD-ZipⅠ-1~Ⅳ-13,且这些基因在7条染色体上呈不均匀分布。(2)理化性质分析发现,HvvHD-Zip蛋白包含197～885个不等的氨基酸残基;分子量范围在19 914.36～94 014.87 Da;亚细胞定位表明HvvHD-Zip蛋白都位于细胞核。(3)根据多序列比对、系统进化、基因结构和保守基序差异将其聚为4个亚家族,各亚家族分类特征与系统聚类结果一致。(4)顺式作用元件预测分析发现,i>HvvHD-Zip基因启动子中含有11种植物激素和胁迫响应元件。(5)qRT-PCR结果显示,HvvHD-Zip Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ亚家族基因对各胁迫响应明显;与根组织相比,多数i>HvvHD-Zip基因在叶组织中响应明显(上调或下调);与冷和盐胁迫相比,i>HvvHD-Zip各基因对旱胁迫响应较强。     

用胆固醇代谢的房室模型速率系数来分析动脉粥样硬化程度

理论上认为胆固醇逆向转运的速率与动脉粥样硬化程序呈负相关。但目前尚无完善的测试血浆脂蛋白－胆固醇体内代谢的方法。我们运用同位素＾３Ｈ－胆固醇示踪方法,建立房室模型,选取健康兔与ＡＳ兔对照,研究血浆脂蛋白转运胆固醇能力的差异,并结合ＡＳ兔主动脉斑块程度对比,结果验证了上述理论,此法如改用短半衰期同位素或稳定性同位素标记的胆固醇,就可用于人体,这可为临床判断ＡＳ程度提供一种无创性的新方法。     

稻根象甲种群空间格局及其受耕法的影响

本文根据36块田的调查,用种群空间格局参数I、C_A、I_δ、m~*/m和α、β值进行分析,稻根象甲幼虫和(?)≥0.6头/样方(每样方为0.5m~2)的成虫种群,在稻田均属具公共k值的负二项分布;(?)<0.6头/样方的成虫种群则为随机分布。成虫聚块的大小和面积与平均密度有关。低密度时种群的聚集主要由于环境的异质性;高密度时种群的聚集则由本身的行为习性所致。随着耕作强度的增加,幼虫种群的聚集度和越冬死亡率增大。     

中国环缘蝽属昆虫记述(半翅目:姬缘蝽科)

环缘蝽属(Stictopleurus Stal)建立于1872年,为半翅目(Hemiptera)姬缘蝽科(Rhopalidae)中的一个类群。Reuter(1885)将其降为姬缘蝽属(Corizus Fallen)的一个亚属,该意见曾被一些学者所采纳,如Puton(1886/1899),Ragusa(1907),Van Duzee(1916),Torre-Bueno(1914)等;Muzik(1904)亦曾将其作为伊缘蝽属(Rhopalus Schil-ling)的一个亚属;但后来多数学者及近代的分类学工作者均将其视为一个独立的属,如Oshanin(1906/1912),De Seabra(1927),Harris(1943),Chopra(1967),Gollner-     

平截独活的香豆素成分

从四川省汶川县产平截独活Heracleum vicinum根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了6个成分,分别为虎耳草素(pimpinellin)(1),异佛手柑内酯(2),6-甲氧基当归素(sphondin)(3)。佛手柑内酯(bergapten)(4),异虎耳草素(isopimpincllin)(5),falcarindi01)(6).     

口岸检疫性蚧类害虫疫情截获分析

【目的】了解我国口岸截获的检疫性蚧类害虫情况,为口岸进一步做好植物检疫工作提供参考。【方法】收集整理2010—2019年口岸截获蚧类害虫数据,重点统计分析被截获蚧类害虫种类、时间、数量、寄主、来源地的变化和关系。【结果】2010—2019年,我国各口岸共截获检疫性蚧类害虫24541种次,年截获种次总体呈上升的趋势。截获检疫性蚧类害虫共有12种,截获频率最高的3种为无花果蜡蚧、松突圆蚧和扶桑绵粉蚧。截获该类害虫数量最多的3个关区为深圳关、南宁关和上海关。货物检疫为主要截获途径,主要截获寄主植物为榴梿、香蕉、红毛丹、番荔枝。截获货物来源地为除南极洲以外六大洲的49个国家或地区,其中尤以东南亚为主,代表国家包括泰国、越南和菲律宾。【结论】蚧类害虫的截获与进口水果贸易密切相关,在相关贸易量不断增加的背景下,应警惕蚧类害虫疫情持续传入我国的风险,建议有关部门进一步完善检疫管理体系,提升检测和监测技术水平,加强检疫处置能力。     

Environmentally-Friendly Pesticidal Activities of Callicarpa and Karomia Essential Oils from Vietnam and Their Microemulsions

There is an ongoing interest to identify alternative pesticidal agents to avoid the chronic problems associated with synthetic pesticides. Essential oils have shown promise as botanical pest control agents. In the present study, the essential oils of four members of the Lamiaceae (Callicarpa candicans, C. erioclona, C. macrophylla, and Karomia fragrans; Vietnamese names: Nàng nàng, Tu châu lông mem, Tu châu lá to and Cà diện, respectively), obtained from wild populations in Vietnam, have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils were formulated into microemulsions and the essential oils and their microemulsions were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and for molluscicidal activity against Pomacea canaliculata. Atractylone and (E)-caryophyllene dominated the volatiles of C. candicans (CCEO) and C. erioclona (CEEO), while the major component in C. macrophylla (CMEO) and K. fragrans (KFEO) was (E)-caryophyllene. The essential oils and microemulsions of both C. candicans and C. erioclona exhibited excellent larvicidal activity against all three mosquito species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus) with LC₅₀ values <10 μg/mL. Additionally, the larvicidal activity of the microemulsions were significantly improved compared with their free essential oils, especially for C. candicans and C. erioclona. All four essential oils and their microemulsions showed excellent molluscicidal activity with LC₅₀ <10 μg/mL. In most cases, the essential oils and microemulsions showed greater pesticidal activity against target organisms than the non-target freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. The in silico studies on physicochemical and ADMET properties of the major components in the studied essential oils were also investigated and most of the compounds possessed a favorable ADMET profile. Computational modeling studies of the studied compounds demonstrated a favorable binding interaction with the mosquito odorant-binding protein target and support atractylone, β-selinene, and caryophyllene oxide as potential inhibitors. Based on the observed pesticidal activities of the essential oils and their microemulsions, the Callicarpa species and K. fragrans should be considered for potential cultivation and further exploration as botanical pesticidal agents.